[Parents' knowledge about the symptoms of substance abuse: a study on parents of students in Kerman high schools and secondary schools]

Three basic strategies against substance abuse are control of distribution, treatment of dependents and prevention. Recent years experiences have shown the significant importance of prevention. Considering the decrease in age of substance abuse onset, parents' knowledge about this phenomenon and consequently its early prevention and control in the family is very important. In this cross-sectional study performed in 2005, knowledge of 600 parents of Kerman highs schools' and secondary schools' students in relation to the symptoms of substance abuse was determined by using a researcher-made questionnaire. In whole, 20.1% of the participants had high school or higher educational level and 11.7% of them had history of substance abuse in their family members. The highest knowledge scores in physical symptoms belonged respectively to alcohol [23%], opium [17%] and cigarette [15%]. In relation to psychological symptoms, the highest scores were obtained for tranquilizers and analgesics [29%] and then cigarette, alcohol and opium [24%, 19% and 17% respectively]. Insufficient Knowledge scores, especially in regard to substances with increasing rate of use is a serious warning requiring serious attempts for increasing knowledge of all classes of society especially parents. This should be done continuously and by using the most efficient educational programs and cooperation of all related organizations

[Quality of care in airways of head injury patients in emergency ward of Bahonar Hospital in Kerman city]

Introduction: Head injury is an important problem in the community. Side effects of injury relates to nursing care quality. The first and important factor for study in these patients is the situation of airway. Often due to the airway obstruction and reduction of ventilation, hypoxia in brain tissue occurs. With increased number of patients with head injuries and the vital importance of this organ, the observance of the care and nursing points is necessary. For several consecutive years, Aden Brock anesthesiology institute has examined the condition of airway but in Iran, only in 1995, a study in Tehran has considered the nursing, condition of airways

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of care in the airways of head injury patients in emergency department of Bahonar Hospital in Kerman City

Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive cross- sectional research carried out on 384 patients with head injury hospitalized in emergency department of Shahid Bahonar Hospital in winter 2003. Instrument for data collection was an observational checklist consisting of 15 care criteria that their validity and reliability were confirmed. It was for gathering demographic data

Results: Results showed that 86.5% of male patients presenting to the emergency department were the morning working shift. The patients were in the age group of 20-24 years. Their arrivals were due to the closed injuries and strokes that were consistent with study of Aden Brock Institute in 1997. The greatest rate of optimal care [98.5%] is related to the mode of oxygen therapy and the lowest correct application of sterile principles in pharynx and tracheal suction

Conclusion: It can be concluded that because of multiple traumas in men, quality of care for female patients was more favorable but among female patients, quality of care for natural airways, the conditions of head and neck, oxygen consumption, observation of safety issues, control of breathing counts and attention to the potency of tracheal tube were unfavorable and, thus, improvement for quality of care is suggested